This paper innovatively incorporates microorganism in life community of “mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland-sand”, combines with regional features and liquor-making industry, and presents the concept of “mountain-river-forest-farmland-microorganism” through the path of “increasing water-improving atmosphere-protecting soil-preserving microorganisms-maintaining ecosystem balance”. Scientifically establishing “water use and management system” in the source to create Maotai Water Circulation Mode of Chishui River. Systematically maintain biodiversity in the source areas to construct a sound management system. Protect soil resources in the brewing areas and key functioning areas to improve ecological barrier. Boost microorganisms test and research in the core area and strictly control inputs of external microorganisms. Implement microscopic eco-environmental carrying capacity in the core area to prevent environmental pollution and to thoroughly protect “mountain-river-forest-farmland-microorganism” ecosystem balance, and to increase ecosystem stability in the producing areas. This paper studies the situation and issues in ecological harness in Maotai’s core brewing areas, presents path and zonation plans, and puts forward 87 detailed restoring projects of 5 categories for the brewing industry and Chishui river’s ecological protection. This paper is a good attempt and practice to the life community of  “mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland-sand”, helpful to construct an eco-environmental flagship in the liquor-making industry, and offers references for high standard protection and quality development of liquor-making industry.

The 20^th Report presented an objective of carbon peaking and neutralization. Energy structural adjustment is a vital means to reach carbon neutralization. This paper, based on their symbiosis of carbon emission and economic growth, incorporates economic quality development into carbon neutralization objective. In terms of their 2017 inputs/outputs of three province and one city in Yangtze River delta, this paper establishes a regional macro- and microscopic SAM table and CGE model, and sets up a macroscopic economic closed system, which are used to study the impacts and variance of energy structural adjustment on Yangtze River delta’s economy. As energy structural transformation advances, its economic impacts vary. In Jiangsu province, when clean energy has been replaced at 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, the economic impacts of multiple indicators gain a biggest loss at 5%, loss at 10% less than at 5% and 15%. Economic dependance on fossil fuels varies with location, less in Anhui and Shanghai, then Jiangsu, and Zhejiang receives the biggest impacts. Economic impacts waves as energy structural adjustment moves forward. When Jiangsu’s clean energy is replaced at 10%, economic impacts of most indicators from agricultural, manufacturing, servicing, GDP and governmental income are less than when clean energy is replaced at 5% and at 15%. Energy structural adjustment is a critical approach to carbon neutralization in Yangtze River delta and even nationwide.

Green innovation marks the high-tech industries under green development background, which needs governmental supports. Disagreement exists in the research of the relation between governmental supports and green innovative efficient, and insufficient studies on regional differences and mechanism. This paper, based on China’s provincial panel data of high-tech industries, uses DEA model to measure their 2009 to 2020 green innovative efficiencies of China’s 28 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, and applies the Global Moran’s Index to check the spatial autocorrelation of the green innovative efficiency of high-tech industries. Mixed fixed effects spatial lag model is employed to analyze the impacts of governmental supports on high-tech’s green innovative efficiencies, and the robustness test is carried out using the method of variable replacement. The regression analysis on the impacts of government supports on green innovation efficiency of high-tech industries has been carried out in the eastern, central and western regions of China to assess internal mechanism of governmental supports. China’s average values of green innovative efficiency of high-tech industries has risen to 0.611 from 0.511 during 2009 to 2020, with eastern higher the national average, and central and western lower. According to the Moran index test, the green innovation efficiency of China’s high-tech industry shows strong positive spatial correlation under the spatial weight matrix from 2009 to 2020. Governmental supports show an outstanding inverted U-shaped relation with green innovative efficiency of high-tech industries, which is positively contributed by environmental regulations, economic performance and foreign direct investment. Impacts of governmental supports vary with eastern, central and western. Governmental supports cast a directive role on green innovative efficiency, displaying an obvious inverted U-shaped relation with enterprises’ research & development investments. This paper presents suggestions that governments make appropriate subsidy range according to high-tech’s actual situation, with supportive policies varying with regions, industries and eco-environments.

Urbanization rate, passenger and freight turnover, per capita GDP and energy intensity are used to mark the carbon emission impacts of Hubei's population, economy and technologies on its transportation industry. This paper analyzes the carbon emission, population urbanization rate and energy intensity, and uses STIRPAT extended model to study carbon emission factors of Hubei's transportation industry. Data exists lots of multiple co-linear issues that make inaccurate results if ordinary least method is used. After processed with partial least square method, a coefficient of carbon emission and factors is obtained. The results show that urbanization rate, passenger and freight turnover, per capita GDP and energy intensity are positively connected with the gross carbon emission by transportation industry. According to Hubei's 2000—2018 carbon emission data of transportation industry, scenario method is employed to forecast the 2030 carbon emission, low, middle and high carbon emission. Under these three scenarios, annual growing rate of explained variables are calculated, its results then are used to estimate the annual average growing rate of 2019 to 2030 carbon emission. In 2030 carbon emission will be 10 817 kt, 11 314 kt and 11 765 kt under low carbon emission scenario, benchmark scenario and high scenario. Population and technology play a bigger part in carbon emission, increment of urbanization rate and energy intensity will result in an large increase in energy demand and carbon emission, exerting pressure on urban transportation. Combined with state's 2030 carbon emission peak objectives, and compared with 2030 forecasted results on three scenarios, the carbon emission peak is reached. This paper presents suggestions on saving energy and reducing carbon emission, optimizing transportation energy structure and conducting low-carbon economy and sustainable development policies.

Study of temporal-spatial evolution and factors of regional ecological security can provide references in constructing regional ecological security pattern. This paper, based on a case study on Jiangxi province as a demonstrating ecological cultural area, uses DPSIR model to establish an evaluation index system of ecological security, and applies improved TOPSIS to study the temporal-spatial evolution of Jiangxi's 2006 to 2018 ecological security with obstacle model used for factors. Coupling coordination model is employed to analyze their connection between two sub-systems of ecological security system with optimized path presented. Jiangxi's ecological security level is generally rising from 0.436 in 2006 to 0.464 in 2018 by a yearly rate at 0.002 2, but with gaps in comprehensive compactness and hierarchy among cities. Its response, driving forces and factors sub-systems are climbing with driving forces at same pace with temporal sequence, a falling pressure and status sub-systems. Any two sub-systems have a coupling degree over 0.97, suggesting a high coordination and a well coupling degree. Ecological security hierarchy varies largely among cities, most at critical security levels (III), with gap to the general security level (IV), and long time to the security level (V). Jiangxi's ecological security level is jointly confined by scientific expense, per capita water resource, regional GDP, urbanization rate, green and square area, waste water & gas processing capacity, fixed asset investment proportion and per capita GDP. This paper presents approaches to regional ecological security level on boosting policies response, improving production performance, pushing regional industrial optimization and intensifying eco-environmental protection. 

Shale gas was first discovered in southeast Chongqing, where is also the key place for shale gas exploration. Formation of shale gas reservoir is controlled by shale thickness, organic matters concentration, thermal evolution, porosity and preservation. Southeast Chongqing hosts two major shale units of rich organic matters, Niutitang formation of lower Cambrian and Wufeng-Longmaxi formation of upper Ordovician-lower Silurian, both bearing thick sediments, high organic matters concentration, high thermal evolution, especially in Wufeng-Longmaxi formation with favorable geology for potential economic shale gas, also in upper Proterozoic Doushantou formation, Permian Changxing formation, Longtan formatin (Wujiaping formation), and lower Silurian Shiniulan formation (Songkan formation), where shall be a good exploration target of shale gas.  

This paper uses DEA and input/output model to study their overall energy efficiency, variance and causes among 23 resourcesexhausted cities based on their 2010-2014 data, with results showing a general energy efficiency, but variable with areas. Energy efficiency is positively related to economy, high in developed area. In 2014, 50% of the resourcesexhausted cities are at rising their return stage, leaving big room to improve their energy use efficiency. Some cities bear input redundancy, which need to improve their energy efficiency.

At carbon trading market, different futures prices volatility and their interaction is complicated. Price trend forecasting plays a key part in financial investment. This paper, aiming at the nonlinear forecasting issues in carbon trading market, selects EUA futures and CER futures to study their long term cointegration relation, uses Granger causality test to determine its leading or lagging. The leading futures as input variable was used to set up neural network model of difference wavelet function that is improved by genetic algorithms. The lagging futures is forecasted and compared with neural network's forecasted results from preimproved BP wavelet neural network model. The results show a long term balanced cointegration of futures in carbon trading market. The improved model can effectively forecast the trend of futures, proving investment suggestions for carbon emission trading.

Mining right onsite verification, under the leading of the Ministry of Land and Resources covered 147 248 mining rights and found 108 356 issues in three years. The causes may superficially come from a loose administrative supervision, ineffective services, poor management means, unqualified staff, changing policies, and illegal exploration and mining, but the fundamental reasons may be derived from social environment, history, laws and management system. This paper presents the approaches in abiding by laws, intensifying macroscopic control on mining rights, boosting the process management of mining rights, and promoting mining management informalization and technical application and optimizing mining rights management mechanism.

Turkmenistan has rich oil and gas resources and is an oilgas exporter. Since its independence in October 27, 1991, its political and economic pattern has been stable and relationship with China has been friendly, establishing cooperation with China in oilgas resources. This paper mainly expounds the relevant laws about ownership and management mechanism, exploration license, the contractor’s rights and obligations, signing and effect of oil operation contracts, oilgas mining tax, environmental protection. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the legal environment for investment in Turkmenistan’s oil and gas resources, and then summarizes the legal problems that should be paid attention by foreign investors about Turkmenistan’s cooperation in oil and gas resources, providing some law advices Chinese investors to oil and gas resource exploitation. 

This paper sets up evaluation index system for resourcesbased cities in transformation efficiency, based on case study on Shanxi's 11 prefectures, uses C2R model of DEA and antagonism cross to compare their transformation efficiency during 2008 to 2013, which validates the DEA method after synthesizing multiple indexes. A comparison between DEA traditional method and aggressive cross evaluation can verity DEA's pros and cons. Analysis from different perspectives makes this research more sense.

The rising PM2.5 attracts attention to air pollution controls. China's legislation on air pollution on gross volume control, discharge permit, air environmental standard,environmental information network and heavy pollution alarming mechanism is not working properly due to its defectiveness.Study of the situation and issues of China's air pollution laws is of theoretical and practical significance to ease air pollution.This paper,from the origin of air pollution,indicates the shorts of PM2.5 and air pollution legislation,analyzes its legislation content and system,and presents suggestions to optimize the related legislation,aiming at offering reference for China's air pollution.

ArshanChaihe volcanic cluster is a part of northeastern Chinas volcanic eruption zone and is of significance in studying the tectonics since Cenozoic. This paper, based on field investigation and data review, by using the existing classification, classifies the volcanic geological relics in detail and studies their categories and features. ArshanChaihe area is complete in volcanic structures, abundant in volcanic geological relics categories, intact in their reservation and diversified in volcanic eruption ways. This paper expands the values and significance in science.

Economy increasingly depends upon resources, which makes policy simulation a hot research topic because of policy and its execution risks in resources and environmental economics. This paper reviews the worldwide policy simulations, and analyzes the references from CGE model, systematic dynamics and agent-based modeling. These simulations are reparation each other in precondition, modeling, and data dependence and forecast accuracy. An appropriate simulation shall be in accordance with research objects and available data. Due to the complexity of policy and factors during making policy, the integration of these simulations becomes a new trend.

Energy conservation and emission reduction is a nation's strategy to change economic development way and an unavoidable path to a sound economy. Shale gas as a clean and green energy has been mined in the U.S, but at starting in China. To speed up shale gas exploration and development will play a big part in energy conservation and emission reduction and mitigating a shortage of energy. This paper, based on China's shale gas data and field investigation and a comparison with that in the North America, presents a big shale gas potential from structures, geochemistry, geology and enrichment in China, and classified China into four regions of good prospecting, especially in southern China's Paleozoic marine facies organic shale.
 

Ore resources are a vital base for economic and social development. China’s fast economic growth requires a surging demand of ore resources, leading to a rising disturbance to environment. A balance between ore resources development and environmental protection can not be avoided. This paper, from legislation, execution and justice, analyzes the dilemma in environmental law construction of ore resources exploration, and presents approaches in publicizing laws and regulations, optimizing legislation, enhancing execution and justice, and improving management, which provide a theoretical suggestion for the sustainable development in economy and society, and also provide an index in monitoring and managing ore resources development and a guide in practice.

This paper, based on the statistical data of global carbon dioxide emission, estimates the total amount, accumulative amount, per capita amount of carbon emission, and predicts the future carbon emission. Carbon emission is an aftermath of global industrialization. Human being are responsible for reducing carbon emission.
The plan for climate changes shall abide by a principle of "common but with difference in responsibility". The developed countries have a big responsibility in carbon emission since the industrial revolution. The developing countries are responsible for reducing carbon emission though they were late for industrialization. Besides increasing energy efficiency, other renewable energies, lowcarbon technologies, a global specific policy shall be established with a clear and measurable goal to stabilize global atmospheric carbon emissions.

This paper summarizes the development and utilization situation of mineral resources in Chongzuo city, analyzes the existing issues, gives some suggestions for sustainable development on geological exploration, environmental protection, reform and renovate mining order, and presents some approaches to change mineral resources into economic development.

This paper, based on 100 counties in Liaoning province, selects some key indexes which can reflect the comprehensive development level of regional economy to classify, by means of the major constitute analysis and clustering analysis, the regions into three types, developed, moderate and underdeveloped. A present social-economic development status is stated in three types of regions. The authors also present approaches to the unbalanced development in different regions.

The urban fringe, a transition between city and countryside, is characterized by high market utilization extent, intensified utilization and frequent circulation. Due to its complicated land types, the urban fringe is not well utilized, or even wasted, or overly converted into industrial development lands. This paper summarizes the major issues in sustainable development of urban fringe, and presents some suggestions, aiming at enhancing urban fringe land utilization, combining human economic activities, land utilization and eco-environmental construction together so as to achieve a target of plowland protection, construction land protection and eco-environmental protection.